Every £1 of public expenditure on Universal Services results in £1.21 reduction in the cost of living for households. £42 billion of household-facing service spending generates £51 billion of gross value to households, a 1:1.21 efficiency ratio.
The extra value comes from the efficiency of delivering services at cost rather than at retail prices. Funded services generate 27% more value, on average, than they cost to provide.
Care and Right to Life services are valued at face value (£8B), so the total programme value to households is about £59 billion from approximately £50 billion of household-facing spending.
The remaining £30 billion of programme spending (infrastructure, capital, democracy) delivers genuine public value (energy transition, transport assets, digital platforms, housing stock) that is not captured in the household cost-of-living model.